Islamic philosophy
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The intellect is like the eye. Revelation is like the sunlight. Just as the eye cannot see without light, reason cannot perceive reality without divine illumination. This analogy, articulated most explicitly in Mishkāt al-Anwār (al-Ghazālī 1964, 58–59), has been echoed across centuries. It offers not only a metaphor but a full epistemological framework rooted in
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The Epistemic Depths of Ruʾyah and Nazar – Two Modes of Quranic Observation In the rich tapestry of Quranic Arabic, the distinction between ruʾyah (رؤية) and naẓar (نظر) reveals profound insights into the nature of human cognition and spiritual perception. While both terms can be superficially translated as “observation,” they represent fundamentally different epistemic approaches
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The Qur’an persistently calls upon human beings to observe the natural world: to “look” at the sky, the earth, the alternation of day and night, and even within their own selves. This act of observation is not a detached scientific exercise, but a spiritual-intellectual method whereby the eye and the heart are joined in recognizing
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The Quran-Brain Interaction The Quranic revelation, which began over 14 centuries ago, represents not only a spiritual foundation for Muslims but also a unique neurological phenomenon that has recently captivated neuroscientists’ attention. The Islamic tradition of Quranic recitation, memorization, and auditory engagement appears to produce measurable effects on brain structure and function, offering fascinating insights
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